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Preamble

I am honored and privileged to be called to deliver the 17th Inaugural Conference of the Delta State University, Abraka. I thank God for granting us travel through this meeting and I think it will be all home safely in the name of Jesus â € "Amen.

Did you buy and read today € ™ s papers? How listen mind many gory stories? What is the latest in militancy and criminality in the Niger Delta? How painful! You can try to have in mind these problems depressive and feed your mind with dreams of greatness to Obama and will be ours. Yes, welcome to this forum! In that God gave the opportunity to reflect and discuss social issues like those raised in this welcome tip. I'm afraid that although I have the monopoly on the word in this debate is what is called a conference. But the launch of his mind to travel along as the social studies of our pilots navigating through today € ™ s shame Tomorrow € ™ s fame.

INTRODUCTION

The first thing to pay attention to the nature and purpose Social Studies and how it serves as a vehicle to address the issues of our time. Briefly, Social Studies is about learning to live and participate in this world at a particular time and place, therefore, we have the formula:

SSEA Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â PSPT

PÂ Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â People

SA Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â Company

PÂ Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â location

t      =      time

This conference is a keynote speech on an aspect of my academic experience, and my contribution to social studies as a field of knowledge, is governed by the formula as shown SSE and the nature of Social Studies.

Here, then, P means the Nigerian people; S means the Nigerian society, p, the geographical entity called Nigeria Nigeria t mean yesterday, today and tomorrow. This conference yesterday involves pre-colonial Nigeria Nigeria to the time before the 2nd Republic, while now extends to Nigeria in the period 2nd Republic to date.

We are aware that This audience is not only interdisciplinary œgownâ € â € but â € a heterogeneous œtownâ €. These will then to operate within the defined perimeter.

Social Studies affects every facet of human existence: man himself as a product of nature and social man as a product of upbringing, arising from social, political, economic and physical. Social studies therefore long been identified as a veritable tool reshapening or route of society. (Lawton and Durfour 1973, Osakwe 1993) The nature, content and scope of social studies, makes it a manly tool for development of a new social â € "the political order. This teacher has professed majorly in this area of social studies and has 20 publications related to speech current. Four of these are listed here:

Osakwe, EO (1992) â € œSocial military studies and politics in Nigeria Nigeria € Journal of Social Studies Review, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 89-91

Osakwe, EO (1993a) Education for Citizenship: the Hub of Social Studies in Nigeria Journal of Social Studies Review. Vol 2, No. 3, pp. 23-38.

Osakwe, EO (1994a) Education for citizenship in a multi-ethnic society: some perspectives teaching. Studies in Education vol. 2. No. 1. April. Pp 60-64.

Osakwe, EO (1994b) Educational Strategies for Teaching Science Social: Using specimens and not Nigeria Journal of Social Issues Studies vol. III, 1 and No. 2 pp. 49-55.

In Nigeria, social studies found expression practice in the school system after the 1969 National Curriculum Conference. The issue is people-oriented construction and therefore the construction of the nation (Osakwe 1993).  The potential for social studies are not yet fully exploited in our search for a desirable partner in political and economic order.

Social Studies deals with human relationships. The world is constantly undergoing changes and social studies remains a veritable tool for consideration of these changes, whether positive or Social negative. revolves around human beings (people) and everything that strikes them.

Areas Emphasis in Social Sciences

The knowledge in social studies is related to important generalizations about human relationships, institutions and problems, together with the facts to ensure that these generalizations are clearly understood (Osakwe and Itedjere 1993). A Social Science examines issues and problems from a point holistic view ⠀ "therefore, in solving a problem or a problem, social studies examines the historical conditions, related with dimensions. cultural, sociological, economic, physical and other vertical concentration difference, which is seen in most school subjects, social studies takes a horizontal spiral in the analysis of the same problems. Social Sciences, has great affinity with the social sciences, but should not be seen as an amalgam of the social sciences.

Social Science Education is a way to give young people a sense of hope in the future and confidence in their ability to solve social and environmental problems of individuals, their community, state or nation.

On this occasion, this conference addresses an aspect of my academic discipline that is of public interest and â € "Navigating the Nation, through Today € ™ s shame Tomorrow € ™ s to Fame: Social Studies as a pilot.

Addressing the problems of yesterday, today and tomorrow so automatic speech provides three segments: Yesterday Today Tomorrow Nigeria and Nigeria.

NIGERIA â € "yesterday

It is simplistic to address the problems of nation building in Nigeria today, without paying due attention to our past and the past world as affects our past and present.

Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Mr President, the education system we inherited from our colonial masters, although criticized by us from of our culture, produced and disciplined individuals who are regarded as pillars of our democracy and national development. Our educational system was very old structured, organized and predictable. This was the era in which education was fully the responsibility of the Government or the Mission training centers Agencies. of adequate staff, equipment and supervision is effective. The academic calendar was stable, with only disruption. A new entrant in the system was capable of predict when he / she graduate. graduation a candidate at the right time was not the fault of the school or institution, but the inability of students to work enough to graduate as planned by the educational establishment. The period under review was marked by students in elementary and secondary schools to get uniforms that were uniform indeed. There is no provision for students to make their own seat / desk or to the inmates, providing their own beds. Laboratories in the secondary and tertiary institutions are comparable to what obtained in other parts of the world.

Sound moral education is an integral part of education in 1970 to 80 by the end of Nigeria. Relationship between students and teachers, students and teachers and students and teachers from different levels of education was a measure professional. big exam malpractice incidents were very rare, and anyone who is threatening the integrity of a test is treated promptly with. incidents of students in grades negotiating with the teachers or lecturers / teachers demanding a € € œincentivesâ hardly existent. During the period under review, academic standards Nigeriaâ € ™ s first generation of universities is commendable and comparable to what obtained in the more advanced countries Europe and AMERICA. The period witnessed massive exchange of personnel from outside universities. Our universities had real international focus and reputation, with staff and students from different parts of the world. Apart from the international vocation of our universities and scholars, university teachers were highly respected and were on top of social classification. Okech (2008) rightly pointed out that stating the title of â € € œProfessorâ attracted much attention. The office of the Vice-Chancellor was very reverred. The Vice-Chancellor was more respected than any government-appointed.

The majority of Nigerians who went through higher education have a form of financial support or other Government. Education was a company worth and was seen as the key that opened the door to success and fame.

The laziness, theft, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social and spatial inequality was considered very shameful yesteryears. in Nigeria was a common practice, for example, for the provider to leave Newspapers in Portera ™ € s Lodge as trusted students to cough up the money and collect the papers. Similarly, the product of Rag day is used for charity as expected. Social services are frowned and there was no greater sense of accountability between citizens and public officials holders. Workers reported in their jobs at the expected time and remained at work until closing. The school and other institutional doors were closed at 8 am and remained so until closing. Absenteeism was an aberration and something frowned upon at. no freedom of political association, despite the political divide was over the three ethnic groups main, with the exception of the Middle Belt, which had its own policy identity. was possible for close relatives to belong to different political parties and are still living in harmony. The example of Ikokus can attest to this fact â € "a father and son belonged to two opposing parties.

Humans are usually political animals. the ability to organize people into groups with any political motive is a basic human instinct inherent Nigerians are highly articulate policies beings. there beings. practice of traditional politics and the community that has always been with has been us. a fusion of traditional and modern social life and the party politics. Since culture is not static, traditional practices also adjusted to accommodate to new challenges and developments and cultural contacts with his assistant implications. The social life of a people and its political culture, largely affects several other living. areas of Nigeria is a political amalgam. This is indicative of the cultural plurality of country. large extent, the North was far more politically articulated and responsive. This probably explains the practice in the North that our brothers are always with their radios and listen to local and international news, life As always informed. social and partisan politics is not a function of Western education.A some Southerners, despite their level of education continue being politically naïve and can not read or understand politics horizon. Nigeriaâ € ™ s the economy during this period was very stable and is dependent of agriculture. This was the era of the pyramids of groundnuts. Nigeria was the worldâ ™ € s largest producer of peanuts, rubber, palm oil and grains, soybeans, Benise and also a major cotton producer, 2nd largest producer of cocoa. was in this period that Malaysia came to Nigeria for our oil and rubber plants to try in country. outa We know that both countries are now in the production of palm oil and rubber.

Solid minerals like coal, tin and columbite were drawn in economic quantities and Nigeria was known to be a world power in AA production these minerals. The dynamism of the economy is stimulated by the discovery of black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Gradually, the emphasis began to change agriculture to oil ⠀ | ⠀ | ⠀ |. the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. The Nigerian currency was strong and highly sought after during this period.

Exchange rate between 70 and 80

Nigeria           British                          American             German

N1a                   PD Stg                      U.S. Dollars                  3.64 DM

1. Â £ 0.615Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â $ 1.51

The Previous figures presents a vivid picture of the strength of the naira at the moment.

Nigeria is a good service road, rail, sea, air transport. During this period there were over 95,000 km of roads and over 3,200 km from a yard wide railway. Nigeria had just two airports International Lakes and Kano. Both the north and south of the country attracted significant investment in infrastructure development, especially in rail and roads access and some degree of social services such as electricity, water supply, hospitals, schools and colleges. This period was characterized by the staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) cleaning of pastures by the side of the road to ensure long distance and clear vision of drivers and road users. other roads were regularly maintained ⠀ "even then, the roads were narrow and sometimes windy, is motorable throughout the year.

Nigeria Airways was the pride of West Africa. It stood above other airlines in the sub-region. Nigeria pilots were recognized for their courtesy, His competence and confidence. off and landing was remarkable and smoothly and constantly hiccups. Nigeria Airways flew to Europe, Asia, USA and several routes in Africa without blemish. The DC 10s, Boeing 737, 707 and 747 were constant on international routes, while smaller aircraft served the local (internal) routes. More close to home here, the waterway through Obiaruku Sapele Ethiopian river was navigable and building materials were transported through this channel.

The safety of lives and property was very heavily secured during this period. is possible to travel through the night without fear of robbers. travel at night, being preferred by a number of incidents of armed robbery was rare Nigerians. and easy to follow, it was fashionable criminals. to participate in the crime because there was a general rejection of the company or the reluctance to everyone who knew he was a criminal or social deviant.

NIGERIA TODAY

Today, Nigeria has traded his dignity for the values of diligence, patriotism, high ethical standards, its abundant natural resources of yesteryear for habits of glory colloquially called œNigerian Factora € â €: the search for the injustice, the values up, endemic corruption and gross misrule. Today Nigeria is fatally ill himself a deliberately inflicted injury. Most of what is happening in Nigeria, today amounts to national shame, the pain and misfortune. The shame is manifest in our politics œNew € â € which is marked by violence leading to loss of lives and properties, handling and mass killings. Beneficiaries who do not deserve to hasten efforts to convince and confuse the masses to support the results of their political prowess. Almost immediately rushed to the approval of the entire country, especially some Christian clergy and Islamic and other self-seeking leaders to pontificate on the fallacy that government and leadership are selected and ordained by God and that we must accept things as are, in order to save our nascent democracy. But peace without justice can not stand the test of time and is an invitation to anarchy.

Unlike what occurs in other Western democracies and stable policies that election results were declared within 24 hours on the closing of the polls in Nigeria, which could lead days. three ridiculous in some situations, such as local elections are even smaller geographic entities for the management, still has days before results are officially usual drag released. This leaves room for manipulation and bodywork of figures. Despite all these, ridiculous figures are released as results. In some cases, more votes than the number of registered voters is not voters. multiple uncommon. The trial court in the State of Edo revealed that the voters fictitious and some others have voted several times as the voters is another side of the Atlantic.

The cornerstone for any functional and stable democratic state is the electoral process. This should be seen as a key issue in a country like ours. The electoral process is a policy option Next to the market gossip populace. and corridor discussions, voting is the only activity that shows the degree of peoplee € ™ s participation in the ballot politics. free and secret, when carried out, the direction and amount of individual participation € ™ s going out with courage in its true form.

In a survey conducted by this teacher, in 1998, the degree of apathy expressed by young people was amazing.

Percentage possible participation in national elections

S / NO

CATEGORY

STUDENTS NOT RESPONDING TO EACH CATEGORY

TOTAL NO OF STUDENTS

PERCENT OF TOTAL

1.

Indifferent or undecided

162

250

65%

2.

Yes or interested

63

250

25%

3.

No or not interested

25

250

10%

This was almost a decade before the monumentally fraudulent election of 2007, however, the figure reveals high level of alienation and disenchantment with politics and the electoral process among youth people. In most cases, this alienation or apathy leads to high effective political participation disinterest. citizenship depends on a knowledge of how the system actually works.

Our citizens have not been systematically exposed to the methods of operations of our political System. A good number of our young people have been wandering aimlessly in the politics of Nigeria arena. This has resulted in either the misinformation or the suppression of political instincts in the young towards national issues.

Our electoral process and the consequent protest is unprecedented results in the annals of elections in any part of the globe. Many Nigerians are of the view that a ™ € s individual vote does not count â € "that the results are predetermined. This has led to apathy and despair by a serious segment of the electorate (see Osakwe 1998 Ogini 2008). On June 12, 1993 elections, res judicata to be free, was canceled by ignomity to the chagrin of Nigerians. Since then the situation has worsened. It is incomprehensible that now a lot of cynicism towards elections and the electoral process for many Nigerians.

Another concern in this discourse is that politics in Nigeria is no longer seen as a way for the service, but has become a means of rapid ascent to wealth, and the public recognition. This has led to the emergence of political upstarts twisted mind policy on the expectation of electorate. Their lifestyle is marked by extravagant living, luxury cars, including armored vehicles, bodyguards and intimidation with sirens of all perceived opponents and those who refuse to acknowledge his new found position and wealth that are difficult to manage. What we now is a repetition of the biblical Mordecai saga. Amman Amman, a political newcomer who is paid a large sum of money to ensure that the Jewish race is eliminated Mordecai the Jew only by not bowing to him.

It is a sign of political immaturity of trying to use to resolve political opportunism is a show scores. of shame and reflection of the struggle against complex. policy should be a very exciting part of our national life, but now a matter of life or death, at times sending shivers of the population. Therefore, the organization or conduct of elections in Nigeria is the war and several lives have become with elections in Nigeria.

Political assassinations

Between 1999 and 2009, 39 cases of policy â € "motivated murders were recorded in the country. The timing of these murders reveals that it is usually more frequent in the years preceding the year of elections and the right choice. For example, there were 17 murder cases between 2002 and 2003, 9 cases were recorded between 2005 and 2007 (another pre-election and election period).

Political killings â € "1999-2009 (- A representation graph)

In the most recent elections in Nigeria, firearms were freely used. Jos crisis in the November / December 2008, more than 500 lives were lost in the chaos that was down to election. Several of the victims were hospitalized wound. bullet How does this compare with what obtains in other parts the world where respect for the results of the elections and the electoral process is conducted in an orderly manner?

Common feature of the political terrain Nigeria is the issue of recycling of individuals and families ⠀ "giving the impression that something is eternal mandate that these individuals and families must always there. How to explain a situation in which some political actors who were contemporaries of the Elders of late Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, still hovering around the corridors of power. There are some individuals who have remained in political flirtations over 29 years of military ⠀ "rule in the era of democracy in Nigeria. What a pity that almost two years after the 2007 general election, there are still several yet-to-be-decided court cases.

It is a fact that since the contentious elections, Nigerians of various efforts, have joined in the search for a reform process that the water tree in a transparent, free and fair elections to remove the rancor that greeted the results of the April 2007 polls, and literally created the hatred and anarchy.

How long will Nigerians living with this level of rancor and uncertainty? When transparency of the elections will be held so that in the end the loser is fast, even to concede defeat and congratulate the winner?  In the U.S. elections of November 4, 2008, presidential candidate Republican John McCain grace granted victory to Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama, in less than 24 hours after polls. The winner and loser of the election Americans did not have to wait for the Chief Electoral announce the outcome of the election result most famous of the world. They relied on the results as was announced live on the Cable News Network (CNN).

It is instructive to note here that Nigeriaâ € ™ s national television, Nigeria's Television Authority (NTA) had a live coverage of U.S. elections. Why was not possible to meet our national elections Live. Some observers International were denied entry and reports by our electoral authorities disapproved, however, Nigerians went to Ghana to monitor the elections! Our process election is not transparent and acceptable. It is not yet done so nationally and internationally.

CORRUPTION

Corruption is used here to catch a condition or state of lying, dishonesty, illegitimacy, illegality or injustice directed towards the acquisition of power, money or position for private gain and sectionals.

Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria and a corrupt system would generate a culturally society. a corrupt society and people naturally produce its kind, except that it is cultural or radical surgery is not a re-orientation as a result of time: Recall the formula. Social Studies of Nigerian society provides a fertile ground for fraudulent practices, leading to the institutionalization of a society corruption. corrupt according to Lewis (2008) produced corrupt leaders and followers, copy or corrupt leaders and corrupt corrupt institutions establish institutions to create a multiple of systems.es corrupt This may explain why almost no institution or system that is free of corruption in religious establishments are not Nigeria. this.a free of corruption is in fact Nigeriaâ € ™ s worst enemy of preventing citizens from enjoying the tremendous natural resources. Corruption is detrimental to economic growth. increasing income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth. also promotes and sustains inequality distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education (Olajide, 2008).

Despite the creation of agencies to combat corruption, as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Crimes Commission (ICPC), the practices corrupt have continued to manifest itself in various forms and shapes cleverly notorious in Nigeria. This monster called corruption has remained the bane of ™ € s paas momentum towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Recently, in an interactive session of the House of Representatives Committee Drugs and Narcotics and financial crimes, the Executive Director of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), alleged that some Nigerians have advantage in world prices and the fall had been Criss-crossing the world day and night to buy property with money stolen from the perpetrators of this crime know country. how to defeat all the mechanisms put in place to verify their nefarious activities. Our image has been seriously undermined by corrupt activities Nigerians. Corruption among Nigerians is also manifest in Internet fraud, and the marked advance free fraud (aka 419).  A number of Nigerians foreigners have been innocent victims of Internet and the advance rate fraud. A number of young people now living large and fat from the proceeds of corruption and fraud.

Nigeriaâ € ™ s image has been seriously eroded throughout the world as a result of the fraudulent practices of some of our Nigerian Several citizens. are languishing in prisons in several countries â € "Some of those who were less fortunate, were executed by the authorities countries where they committed the atrocities. The war against corruption seems to be focused over € ™ s Obasanjoâ Yar Arduaâ € regime. ™ s the administration promised that there would be no sacred cows in his administration € ™ s anti-corruption fight. However, their war against corruption was the subject of serious skepticism and cynicism following the redistribution of former President of the agency in the fight against corruption and its work many thereafter, culminating in his dismissal. It is a sad commentary and sends a very bad Nigerians and the international community.

The pace of the crusade against corruption is slowly grinding to a halt, and some observers are really worried, because the suffering of the masses, when considering which are caused by a few individuals who have diverted money earmarked for the welfare of the masses for personal gain. One reason for the apparent corruption has continued to invade the length and breadth of Nigeria may be that the three tiers of government pay lip service to its eradication.

Corruption has hurt the political and generality of our people is immeasurable and unrest incalculable. invades all strata of society, including public institutions. According to this Opinion on Day 5 of November 2008, nothing works well in Nigeria because of corruption. Several roads are in a deplorable state, even when one attempts are made in the rehabilitation of roads, corruption does not allow a thorough job and durable.

Education and corruption

Sexual harassment has become so pervasive in Nigeria tertiary education.A is a very worrying state of affairs. The issue of harassment sex at institutions of higher education has attracted the attention of a number of academics ⠀ "(Osakwe 2008, Igborgbor 2008, Okech, 2008).  Sexual harassment is a manifestation of power relations and often girls and women are in receipt of sexual harassment is not limited end. at any age level ⠀ "some of the older scholars have been known to participate in this abominable game. Some academics have lost their jobs work arising from this misdemeanor. Some have continued to exploit and pollute the girls and public flaunting their sexual escapades. Some girls and married women have been traumatized, particularly in a bid to acquire a university degree or other tertiary qualification institutions. Closely related to the issue of sexual harassment is corruption in our educational system from primary to university students and level. students are forced to pay a fee or signature of the referees other. report, removal, as of course, card data ⠀ "attract all illegal charges. Some time in the history of Nigeria,

Teachers at all levels of education gained enormous respect for the members of public. Seen as honest, disciplined and morally above-board, was more fashionable then looking for a teacher when a public office that calls for a person of high integrity is vacant. They had the aura of saints and always showed his fans right every time they had the opportunity to contribute their experience and knowledge to carry in public affairs. However, the integrity sanctity of academic class seems to have taken his license as the country continues to stink of corruption (Aghedo 2008).

In the last couple of years, three teachers paid the price for the sexual exploitation of girls and had to be miserable office. There are still many more waiting to be disgraced. Academic Corruption has assumed different dimensions ranging from plagiarism, victimization, muzzling academic freedom, erosion of mentoring in the production of soldiers foot / academic hostage taking â € € â € "through which young scholars under a senior colleague have no choice to do their bidding. Mastera € ™ s Academic freedom that once characterized the university system is rapidly eroding and giving way to political Campus dangerous, gangs and other interest groups â € "whose interests are some things other than academics.

Bad practices review has become a serious problem afflicting the education Nigeria. The phenomenon of the measures has become monstrous and will only very bold and ruthless to clear Out. The unfortunate situation is that some people expected to address this issue are products of examination malpractice themselves.

1. Examination malpractice is not restricted to gender, boys and girls are firmly in the business.

Shipping and corruption

Airports lack necessary facilities, the National Agency for Emergency Management (NEMA) can not locate shipwreck sites air. The most recent challenge to place several months after hunters. railway lines remain dysfunctional ⠀ "some railway lines are now used by traders to display their wares.

Attitude to the general corruption

People express no bitterness and shock every time they hear talk of billions of naira being stolen from public coffers, as it has become a daily occurrence. For example, was reported that in a month, a governor in a state spent N1bn (billion naira) in its security ⠀ "a state where there was war or the breakdown of law and order.

The state of corruption in Nigeria today is a product of the inconsistency and irregularity of the war against corruption â € "After having been fought to a standstill by General Murtala Mohammed, between 1975 and 1976 track, like Buhari / Idiagbon and later by Nuhu Ribadu would have brought the monster to his knees. However, the period between Muhammad and Buhari filed in General Babangida, who ruled between 1985 and 1993. Unlike Buhari's regime was tough on looters of public funds several of which were given various prison sentences, Babangida returned the assets of the various officials and restored the ranks of the officers fired. Call it a reward of corruption! This story can be repeated once more if the plight of Nuhu Ribadu is allowed to continue. Call it punishment for fighting corruption! The war against corruption at the moment is sleeping.

The Corruption and the Energy Sector

Two thousand (2,000) megawatts of electricity generated in 2008 from the 3,000 generated in 2003. These figures are ridiculous. South Africa with a population of 60 million generates 45,000 MW and the South African government aims to increase its capacity to 60,000.  How can Nigeria still claim to be the giant of Africa? Our industries and small businesses provide their own electricity â € "How can break even in the face of the exorbitant cost of production due mainly to lack of constant supply of public power. How many dreams Nigerian industrial can be updated in light of current energy challenges. Despite the President ™ € s plan to declare a state of emergency in the sector energy, things have not improved. small businesses, artisans and various self-employed Nigerians have been forced to close their businesses due to the unavailability of energy.

Reported (Tell 8 December that in one month (November 2008) the worsening food situation forced Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to announce the loss of 800 MW of generation capacity â € "in the same period, the Sapele Power Station was completely closed, and the Egbin power station in Lagos was operating at reduced capacity œat € €. Exactly 10 days later, reported PHCN additional loss of 200 MW. All these factors have been responsible for power zone on 12 pitches ration to maintain system stability and ensure an even distribution of the limited generation output of the operation plants. under the rotation plan, PHCN divided the country into zones. Each zone receives power for 12 hours, although this is no guarantee that the light is come. There are areas and sections of the country where the outage is more regular than supply. Even public power â € € œpromisedâ other 6,500 MW by 2009 is far from our expected electricity demand in Nigeria.

We It was also reported (Tell December 2008) that each university spends more than N120 billion annually in diesel. What colossal waste of money that would have been plowed in other critical areas of the University of administration. Not many universities in Nigeria can even afford to spend the amazing sum of money to electricity. This of course does not include regular electricity bills PHCN.

CORRUPTION AND STEEL INDUSTRY

The iron and steel industry has swallowed billions of dollars from the 1980s ⠀ "however, there is nothing to show for it. The Federal Government created the Ajaokuta Delta and steel plants, along with three domestic mills Oshogbo, Jos and Katsina. plants and steel mills have been unable to meet the steel aspirations of Nigerians, mainly due to corruption and the bottle beaurcactic-necks. What we have now is more like museums stainless steel rather than plants. How can we explain the astronomical cost of imported iron and steel products, where are supposed to be producers of the product? In some plants, the components and spare parts are no longer produced anywhere in the world. computer's components are totally obsolete thus leaving the engineers to cannibalize components exist to the extent that there is nothing to fall back.

The Minister of State who oversees the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, recently stated Nigerians to be patient with the pace of development, saying, â € œtheirs € is not a government go slow.  Unfortunately, Nigerians can not but believe that the present and the past administration has no clear policy on how to restructure the iron and steel and the position for Nigeriaâ € ™ s industrial boom. How long will Nigerians wait for the launch of an effective iron and steel? Several Nigerians were sent to Europe, Russia and Japan to receive training for iron and steel industry. All these high-caliber human resources have been dismissed in the face of the privatization policy of the last administration. Some of the steel plants were concessions to political partners / business partners of the government of the time.

The industry iron and steel is the basis of any significant technological and industrial development of any nation. Nigeria can not afford to remain an eternal importer This products. steel sector should contribute significantly to economic development Nigeria. not seem to be a clear roadmap leading to Nigeria to become a participant important in the development of steel in Africa continent. How can the dream of making Colombia one of the top 20 world economies in 2020 are met?  How can you achieve when primary steel mills have been privatized into the wrong hands? Control of the primary source of steel (liquid level) is industrial development control nation. iron steel industry is therefore a critical area of economic development should not be left to investors both foreign and indigenous.

The railway line that links dedicated Delta Steel Company, Aladja, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and Nigerian Iron Ore Mining Company Itakpe not yet been completed ⠀ "until this is done the total value of business can never be realized. The proposed rail line, as several other government projects is more like an abandoned project that is already undergoing rapid depreciation. the Niger river has not yet been dredged and the estuary Slave is not yet cleared. liquid steel can never be produced in Ajaokuta without all these things are being put in place.

MURDERS OF EXTRA JUDICIAL

One issue that has angered many Nigerians to shake and the spines of citizenship has to do with extra murders. A number of families who have been traumatized from the loss of their loved ones in the border incidents on Extrajudicial Mur. regrettable aspect of this development is that the evidence is totally destroyed or the victims are presented as criminals â € "the dead can not speak for himself or herself. Some examples reinforce the point here â € "Nearly two decades ago, a Nigerian Dele Udo star athlete was shot dead at a police checkpoint point. This also has been the fate of a number of innocent Nigerians in different police check points throughout the country at one time or another. In 2002, some traders traveling along merchants and the packages on the bus and set it on fire while making away with their millions of naira. One of the traders escaped miraculously survived and and reported the incident. The police arrived later arrested, tried and duly punished. A renowned journalist, Bayo Awosika died in circumstances surrounding extrajudicial killing. was alleged that he died after his vehicle hit a police van and then a somersault several times before landing at another part of the road. In spite of the affirmation of Somersault, there was no dent in the vehicle, the brake Bayo € ™ s car was in and had a piece of wood the fire under the Char Postmortem examination revealed that the boy died from an injury missile â € "ie, was beaten by a fast moving metal (bullet). A could this was another case of extrajudicial Mur. The case of Mr. John Abah ina Benue State is still very fresh. On 14 November, 2008, the bullets fired by a police beating him, the boy had left that evening to relax with friends when his life was cut short. The incident that led to his premature death is attributable to a split between the deceased and a policeman in a parlour. beer in 2006, police killed a youth in the same city â € "Oturkpo, during a protest by residents PHCN center due to a power outage.

On 2 December 2008, the authorities University of Lagos State, were forced to issue a press start filming his students. This was sequel to the film of the 25th November 2008, 4 students University who had gone to the Local Government identification. derivatives of the rapid response of the authorities of the Lagos State University, Governor Action. revolved State Police were arrested and subsequently lost dismissed. One student shot finally succumbed to his wounds despite the combined efforts of the Lagos State Government and Lagos State University to save his life.es The question is how long for Nigerians to put up with this brutal and senseless murder of its citizens by the people expected to protect them?  The murder of a student in Athens, Greece in early December 2008 triggered protests by students and teachers from several days running. The death of a Brazilian in the UK for a terrorist attack led to the prosecution of police officer concerned. In December 2008 a woman was killed in Ogun State â € "has been taken by an armed robber. The police took pains to explain spirit away the fact that the woman was an armed robber. One youth was shot dead by police in front of a bank in Benin City to participate in a brawl at the front â € "this incident took place in January 2009. In the same month of January, a young man was shot dead by police in Lagos in unexplained circumstances. Some commercial drivers have been victims of police shootings or Forms or other ill-treatment by their refusal to part with their money illegally Œusual tolla € €.

MILLENNIUM Development Goals (MDGs)

Following the Millennium Declaration that was adopted at the Millennium Summit in New York, September 6 â € "8, 2000, Nigeria was committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015. These goals were the goals to measurable improvements in the lives of the worldâ ™ € s poorest citizens.

Aim I: Â Â Â Â Â Â Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Poverty continues to look for millions of Nigerians in the degree of hunger face. is clearly manifested at the funeral, wedding and other social events where food and drinks are served generously by a few. select In these meetings, several guests food. fight unwanted Worse, teenagers are milling anxiously await the properly addressed, to leave the remains to be eating or taking away. Many of our youth have become garbage dumps in the midst of plenty is assumed.

According Bolatito (2008), poverty exists where people lack the means to meet their basic needs. These can be defined in a narrow sense, as the needs necessary for survival, or in general needs to reflect the level living in poverty prevailing community. describes a situation in which the peoples of resources (material, social and cultural), as so limited as to exclude these people from the minimally acceptable life.es Poverty is multifaceted (Bolatito 2008), including lack of access to public services and infrastructure, the environment unhealthy environment, illiteracy and ignorance, poor health, insecurity, lack of voice and social exclusion, including low levels of household income and insecurity food.

Between the period 1980 to 1996, the proportion of poor people increased from 28.1% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This, in terms of numbers translates into 17.7 million poor in 1980 and 67.1 million in 1996. It is estimated that by 2015, between 30.1 million and 40.4 million people would still be living in poverty in Nigeria.

According to the Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD 2005), Nigeria, with an annual per capita income of just $ 300, is one of the 20 poorest countries in the A world. Nigeria is estimated to grow at 3% and the national savings rate is approximately 15%. In the midst of other great challenges of infrastructure decay and corruption, how can Nigeria achieve the Millennium Development Goal number one?

Since independence, Nigeria has continued of fallen into the group of countries with low human development, characterized by an (HDI) of the coefficient lower than 0.5 (on a scale of 0-1). With a score of 0.470, Nigeria occupies a lowly 158th position, where countries like Eritrea and Senegal fee better. This is a very big shame indeed. How can I tell Benin Republic and Rwanda are higher in the scale of Nigeria's GDP per capita.

Table 1: Nigeriaâ € ™ s development index 2005 Human

Value IND

Life expectancy at Birtha      (years)

Adult Literacy

(between 154% and more)

Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio    (%)

GDP per capita (PPP U.S. $)

1. Iceland (0.968)

1. Japan (82.3)

1. Georgia (100.0)

1. Australia (113.0)

1. Luxembourg (60,228)

156. Senegal (0,499)

163.Botswana (48.1)

102.Algeria (69.9)

136.Nepal (58.2)

158.Rwanda (1,206)

157.Eritrea (0,483)

1653.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (47.4)

103.Tanzania (United
Republic of) (69.4)

137.Equatorial Guinea (58.1)

159.Benin (1.141)

158.Nigeria (0,470)

165.Nigeria (46.5)

104.Nigeria (69.1)

138.Nigeria (56.2)

160. Nigeria (1,128)

159.Tanzania (Republic Unida de) (0,467)

166.Malawi (46.3)

105. Guatemala (69.1)

139. Bangladesh (56.0)

161. Eritrea (1.109)

160. Guinea (0,456)

167.Guinea-Bissau (45.8)

106.Lao peoplee € ™ s Democratic Republic (68.7)

140.Yemen (55.2)

162. Ethiopia (1055)

177.Sierra Leone (0.336)

177.Zambia (40.5)

139.Burkina Faso (23.6)

172.Niger (22.7)

174.Malawi (667)

2007/2008 Human Development Report, fact sheets – Nigeria

Some Table 2 indicators: human poverty for Nigeria

Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 2004

Probability of not surviving beyond age 40 (5) 2004

Adult illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and older) 2004

People without access to improved water source (%) 2004

Children with low weight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004

1.Chad (56.9)

1.Zimbabwe (57.4)

1.Burkina Faso (76.4)

1.Ethiopia (78)

1.Nepal (48)

27.Yemen (38.0)

12.Congo (Democratic Republic of the (41.1)

34.The Peoplee € ™ s Democratic Republic (31.3)

8.Congo (Democratic Republic of (54)

22. Angola (31)

28. Burundi (37.6)

13.Guinea-Bissau (40.5)

35. Guatemala (30.9)

9. Fiji (53)

23.Maldives (30)

29. Nigeria (37.3)

14.Nigeria (39.0)

36.Nigeria (30.9)

10. Nigeria (52)

24.Nigeria (29)

30.Malawi (36.7)

15.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (38.6)

37.Tanzania (United Republic of) (30.6)

11.Madagascar (50)

25.Sri Lanka (29)

31.Rwanda (36.5)

16.Uganda (38.5)

38.Algeria (30.1)

12. Mali (50)

26. Philippines (28)

108. Barbados (3.0)

173.Iceland (1.4)

164.Estonia (0.2)

125.Hungary (1)

134.Chile (1)

Human Development Report 2007/2008 â € "Country Data Sheets – Nigeria

Tables 1 and 2 summarize the sordid state of affairs as it relates to assessment of poverty in Nigeria in the global level. How is achievable in the face MGD1 this level of staggering poverty in Nigeria?

GOAL 2: Â Â Â Â Education Achieve universal primary education

The National Education Policy (2004, revised) states that â € œThe Government recognizes education as an instrument par excellence for make national development. The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) is saddled with the responsibility to ensure that Nigeria achieves the aim of teaching universal primary for the year 2015. How this noble goal can be achieved in the face of the lack of cooperation from several states of the federation, did not comply with demands for access to its state fund for universal basic education program? In less than 50% of the states in the country have been able to comply by paying their funding. counterparts Unless and until this is done, for example, the states of default, and by extension, the country will be unable to meet the deadline of 2015 for achieving universal primary Targeta education.A What could be responsible for the poor attitude of several state governments in fulfilling their part of the obligation in this regard?  Could it be that education is undervalued by the current democratic actors or that the conditions for accessing the Fund no license for habitual huge financial leakages in the wrong hands?

Nigeria also endorsed Jometien Conference on Education for All (EFA) for 2000, which sets targets for early childhood development, primary, secondary, secondary and adult literacy. The trend in the crude enrollment (GER) indicates that significant fluctuations in enrollment between 1991 and 2000. enrollment increased significantly between 1990 and 1994, increased 68% 86%.  Since then, enrollment declined to 81% in 1995 and 70% in 1996. Hence, Nigeria did not achieve the EFA goal Jometien 2000.

Universal Basic Education (UBE) guideline states that each primary and secondary school must have a science lab in general to cope basic science and domestic science, a good bathroom ventilation for a maximum of 40 pupils or students per toilet; teacha a teacher for 40 students or manage or students. These conditions so that you can get in our schools is a utopia, and may not be possible even in the year 2015. Very few schools have the appearance of a laboratory. The nearby bushes to provide health care in some of our schools.

GOAL 3: Â Â Â Â PROMOTE Equality and empower women

The objective of this goal is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 and to all levels of education no later 2015. indicators here are:

-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Value of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education.

-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Proportion of literate women to men 15-24 years of age.

-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Percent of women in wage employment in non-agriculture

-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament.

Gender disparities are still strongly manifested in access to primary education, secondary and tertiary that lead to unequal access to employment (Millennium Development Goals Report 2004)

It is estimated that 50% of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population is composed of women and girls, however, gender disparities in access to primary, secondary and tertiary education goes back to the pre-colonial era and has its traditional roots in Africa culture. the goal of gender equality and empower women reached by 2015. The answer is obviously in negative. Society must be prepared to deal with gender stereotypes and acceptance that the female gender can aspire to the highest point if the company The old notion is allow. time as women are there only to make children or women pleasure to meet people's demands of men should be jettisoned. excel in any chosen career will be, they are very good and better stewards of the house and society. There should be no gender discrimination in the work, public or private.

GOAL 4 â € "Reduce child mortality

The National Goals Report Millennium (2004) noted that there has been little progress in reducing child mortality. estimates of the Demographic and Health Survey 2003 National Survey put under-five mortality rate 217 per 1,000 with regional variations. large urban and rural areas had mortality rates of children under five years of 243 per 1,000 and 153 per 1,000 respectively. The projection of the goal in question, there must be a reduction of two thirds (2 / 3) of children under five years by the year 2015. In other words, Nigeria should be able to reduce the morality of children under five to 49 per 1,000 by 2015. It is highly unlikely that Nigeria will meet the objective 2015 to reduce under-five mortality by two thirds (2 / 3).

The main obstacles to achieving the MDG goal 4 are poor access to services health care (poverty), HIV / AIDS and poor maternal health services health. good costs money, and this is not within the reach of the poor that unfortunately are most Nigeriaâ € ™ s population. Corruption and greed has not yet enabled for free health services to poor. Unfortunately, rulers who should ensure the high-class medical services in our public health institutions have failed in their responsibilities. is these same people they can afford to travel abroad with minor ailments.

Availability of facilities for health care, 1996 â € "2000

(Pera € ™ 000 people)

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Number of physicians

0.212

0.207

0.201

0223

0.22

Number of hospital beds

0.677

0.643

0.613

0.575

0.639

The table shows the same sorry state of facilities health care Nigeria. What efforts are on the ground to ensure that the picture changes dramatically in the positive direction by the year 2015?

GOAL 5: Â Â Â Â Improve maternal health

The objective of this goal is to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Although there has been slight decrease in maternal mortality since 1990, the level remains high, approximately 1,000 per 100,000 live births since the late 1990s to 2001. The national maternal mortality rate was 704 per 100,000 live births, with considerable regional variation (MDG Report 2004)

Maternal deaths in Nigeria, as in most developing countries are often attributed to women € ™ s lack of power and unequal access employment, finance, education, basic health care, and other resources.

The challenges to achieving the goal 5 of the MDGs include teenage pregnancy, cultural practices, lack of health personnel and other infrastructure, especially in rural areas areas. Nigeria accounts for 10% of global maternal deaths (UCAID 2008).

52,000 Nigerian women die each year from maternal complications. related Lanre-Abass (2008) stated that most births in Nigeria (66%) occur as described on Alibris A small percentage of women receiving postnatal care, which is crucial for the prevention and treatment of complications in the first two days after delivery. health system in Nigeria has been plagued by problems of quality of service, including the hostile attitude of some staff (doctors and nurses), insufficient knowledge, decaying infrastructure, shortages of essential drugs and counterfeit medicines.

GOAL 6: Â Â Â Â HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases,

It is estimated that over 4.5 million adults and children Nigerians living with HIV / AIDS in 2008. cumulative AIDS deaths in 2008 was about 4.2 million people. These are alarming figures that should disturb any group (Osakwe 2008).  The age groups most affected by the virus includes 20 ⠀ "29 years of age, while the regions with higher rates prevalence are the North Central, Northeast, and South-South zones. It is shocking to learn that the University treated 10,800 people with HIV between January and October 2008.

Several factors contribute to the spread of HIV / AIDS in Nigeria, including networking sexual practices such as polygamy, a high prevalence sexually transmitted infection untreated (STIs.), low condom use, poverty, low literacy, poor health, stigma and sexual habits. irresponsible, the prevalence of malaria in Nigeria remains high, and this is due to the abundance of blocked drains and general filth in aid of malaria is vectors. estimated that about one million deaths each year are recorded in Nigeria from malaria. The fact that they have an insufficient number of well-trained medical personnel to implement national programs such as AIDS remains a major challenge for the achievement of Goal 6 of the MDGs.

GOAL 7: Â Â Â Â Ensure environmental sustainability

Nigeria is still faced the challenge of environmental sustainability. There are still major problems related with land degradation, pollution, flooding, erosion, desertification, inefficient use of energy resources, loss of biodiversity, environmental disasters and deforestation. still have little access to improved sanitation facilities in Nigeria, which can be attributed to weak enforcement health and housing and other related policies, high levels of poverty, low awareness of issues relating to environmental sustainability and improvement. overall rural Why perennial erosion gullies in the Southeast, parts of Delta and Edo challenged attention â € "instead, the lands of cultivation and the buildings are burnt each year, cutting roads and separate communities, children and adults are drawn by floods. How is explicable that in the 21st century, including some college campuses, students defecate anywhere and worse in some women's shelters! œShort-€ â € bitch has acquired a new meaning for this antisocial behavior. Students defecating in black polythene bags and throw it behind their rooms or left on the bathroom ends. Sometimes these human wastes are washed into gutters and drains creating health risks. Excavations for building construction and sand can not be so obvious an environmental hazard as it was brief, but without resorting to excavation environmental impact leaves much pain and anguish to people. Some Nigerian daily contribute to environmental degradation and threat to lives and property of their neglected and the environment €  "hostile activities.

OBJECTIVE About the Author

Mabel Ejime Osakwe (2009)
Chair, English Language
Delta State University, Abraka

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