FL Gutter.com

An article on the Flood Control

I. INTRODUCTION
Optimum utilization of water resources through conservation measures and management assumes critical importance in maintaining the life support systems. The pattern of demand for water is undergoing gradual changes, but continued towards increasing pressure for drinking and household needs and commercial demand for irrigation, as the new trend is toward lower water demand perennial crops, rather than seasonal crops. Progress in this regard is quite limited and flood control works are still on conventional lines such as strengthening the banks River, construction of retaining walls, retaining walls,

There was no attempt in the past to assess the impact of floods, their intensity, the pattern of occurrence and the vulnerability of different regions. flood protection is feasible only after identifying the root cause floods from the outset. It is therefore proposed to organize a rational study basin major river systems that are vulnerable to floods, to determine the causes flood and its intensity

OBJECTIVE II:
What is the purpose of this work to promote public health, safety and general welfare, and minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed:
A. To protect human life and health;
B. To minimize expenditure of public funds for costly flood control projects;
C. To minimize the need rescue efforts and flood relief and generally at the expense of the general public;
D. To minimize prolonged business interruptions;
E. To minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electricity, telephone and sewerage, streets and bridges located in areas of special flood hazard;
F. To help maintain a stable tax base through the establishment of a second use and development of areas of special flood hazard to minimize future flood blight areas;
G. To ensure that potential buyers notified that property is in a particularly dangerous area flood;
H. To ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions.

III CAUSES OF FLOODING:
When it rains or snows, some water is retained in the soil, some is absorbed by vegetation, some evaporates, and the rest who come to listen to channels, is called runoff. Floods occur when the soil and vegetation can not absorb all the water, the water runs off the land in quantities that can be worn or held in natural channels constructed ponds and reservoirs. About 30 percent of all precipitation is runoff and melting snow masses, which may increase this amount. floods regularly occur naturally in many rivers, forming an area known as the floodplain. These river floods usually result from heavy rains, sometimes combined with melting snow, causing rivers to overflow, a flood that rises and falls quickly with little or no notice is called a flood suddenly. Flash floods usually result from heavy rain in a relatively small area. Coastal areas are occasionally flooded by unusually high tides induced by severe winds with ocean surface, or by the tsunamis caused by undersea earthquakes These flood losses are caused by the cumulative effect of blockages in the areas of special flood hazard, which increase flood heights and velocities, and when poorly anchored, damage uses in other areas. Uses that are inadequately flood-proof, elevated or otherwise protected from flood damage also contribute to flood loss
IV EFFECTS OF THE FLOOD:
Flooding effects not only property damage and endanger the lives of humans and animals, but we have others as well. rapid runoff causes soil erosion and sediment deposition problems downstream. Spawning grounds for fish and wildlife habitat frequently have been destroyed. High speed flows increase flood damage; traffic high floods long delay and interfere with drainage and use economic land. Bridge abutments, bank lines, sewer drains and other structures within flood damaged, and navigation and hydropower are often impaired. The financial losses due to flooding are millions of dollars each year. The flood risk areas City are subject to periodic flooding resulting in loss of life and property, health and safety hazards, disruption of trade and services government, extraordinary public expenditures on flood protection and relief, and impairment of the tax base, which adversely affect public health, safety welfare.When rain and in general the flood control channels, rivers, and washes quickly fill with water in rapid motion, and this can potentially create a hazard deadly for anyone who gets caught or swept away.
"One or two feet of water can cost you your life! Almost half of all flash flood fatalities are related with cars. Two feet of water carry away most automobiles. Also also avoid walking through water up to six inches of water can sweep off at our feet. "

A flash flood is a torrent of water rushing through the normally dry creeks or low flow, streams, washes, gullies, sewers, or on lower ground. In desert areas, a stream of water can leave the mountains for miles in a relatively flat terrain. The rush violent water collects dirt and mud as it moves and becomes destructive to everything in its path.
FLOOD CONTROL V
The basic methods flood control have been practiced since antiquity. These methods include reforestation and construction of dikes, dams, reservoirs, and flood (channels artificial divert flood water.)
1. An effective method for flood control is the construction of coordinated groups of dams and reservoirs in the headwaters of streams flowing into major rivers, so water can be stored during periods of heavy rain and released slowly over the seasons dry
2. People have created a flooding problem by cutting down trees and digging the soil cover, hence the increasing soil erosion. Flood control in these areas has been earmarked for the restoration of vegetation and the establishment of efficient methods of land management, such as rotation of crops and contour farming.
3. Another method of flood control is the construction of flood on the lower reaches of rivers to divert water. Rivers widen in some places and allowed to overflow. The flooding of certain areas defined prevents flooding of other areas.
4. In the past lands, agricultural had considered only the role of food production, but is now considered to have several functions such as flood protection, promotion water resources, and so on.
5. Flood control facilities with regard to integrated projects for flood control, the emphasis has been in the construction of retaining wall in coordination with the reengineering of the courses of rivers, dredging as well as the creation of pumping stations located in the main exits of the drainage pipes behind walls, in order to pump rain water can not drain out by gravitational force in the city
6. Over bank flood control The main purpose of flood control bank is mainly used to protect property adjacent to the current flood frequent.
7. Flood Barriers flood barriers variable heights to provide flood protection to doors and windows, while preserving the visual integrity of the building. Flood barriers are the ideal protection against flooding for homes, shops and outlets. Recommended uses ï are, · house windows and doors driveways and garages   · · Premises  · Shops and Stores

8. Designed Gates to provide maximum protection against impact damage and violent water, our gates allow us to leave our property with total confidence that our products, facilities and property are safe from all but the most overwhelming flood conditions. Recommended uses commercial and industrial units likely be neglected when flooding occurs. properties that could be isolated from cut and evacuated during flooding
.
Flood Gates can be supplied for protect up to a height of 1.8 meters of flooding and a width of up to 6 meters installed.
9. Removable Removable Dams dam system is designed to provide the same levels of permanent protection to flood protection schemes, but with the advantage of being removable when not required – to protect the integrity landscape and architecture. The system can be used between existing structures, but is primarily designed to be completely self-sufficient in almost any distance and can be specified for virtually any height of floodwater. Recommended Uses: – Roads, subways, walking embankment, industrial complexes, shopping

Safe 11.Flood Services All services for flood-proof buildings – electrical, heating, road and sewer – Also must be protected from flood damage. special valves can protect sewers and water pipes, telephone equipment and transformers Electrical must be located above the design flood levels. Auxiliary generators may have to be installed, and hydraulic lines, roads access to buildings and bridges must be protected. Lines underground hydro and gas system must be located and designed to resist damage from possible erosion or flooding uplift forces.
Basic methods of flooding correction
1. The buildings on the docks, pilings, columns Taking WallsElevating or structures on the level of design floods in some type of support provided reliable protection against flood damage. This method uses land efficiently, does not increase the flood level, and only has adverse effects on flood flows.
2. Make more levels Building low waterproof (Seal Closure Methods) Flood-proof lower levels of buildings, sealing against water penetration requires that became sufficiently strong to resist cracking of the lateral pressure and water elevation.
3. Buildings around flood-proof walls or berms: This method is generally based on the same considerations as those required in the design of small dams. It has several disadvantages such as increasing the possibility of catastrophic failure and it is not feasible for individual buildings in dense urban areas.

4.Floodproofinr Our Home
We can take an active role in protecting our property flood damage, both before and during the floods. Methods of prevention:
 · We can turn the water on our property or building an earthen berm. Both may require a permit to check with the County Planning and Development Department first.
 • The construction of swales (shallow trench) and retention areas (small shallow depressions) are other effective methods of preventing floods. Again, we have to check to see if a permit is required.
 • If roof drainage is a problem, you can help direct runoff gutters.
 · Another way to protect a building from flooding is by raising the building. This can be expensive, but can be very profitable.
 • During a flood
 · Secure plastic sheeting or waterproof paper through other windows and doors
 • If evacuation appears necessary and only if time permits:
 · Turn off the electricity at the main switch and turn off the gas main valve.
 · Move valuable papers and objects personal to the upper floors or higher elevations.
 · Move outdoor possessions inside the sinking down, or tie them to not overindulge.
 · Keep a battery powered radio on hand and in tune with a local broadcast station emergency: follow all emergency instructions.
 · Move high ground or an established emergency shelter. If it is safe to evacuate by car, take nonperishable food, blankets, flashlight, dry clothes, and any special medicine to us. Note that many shops and petrol pumps will be closed and the records can not work if electricity has been cut.
 • Do not drive where water is on the way: part of the road may be blurred or be much deeper than it seems.
 · When we returned to our house and find that it has been flooded First check for structural damage. The air home in case of possible gas leaks. Do not switch the gas or electricity until utility representatives to Check for gas leaks and short circuits.
VI. METHODS OF REDUCING FLOOD LOSSES:
In order to accomplish its purposes, this includes methods and provisions for:
(1) Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water hazards or erosion, or that lead to harmful increases in erosion or flood heights or velocities;
(2) Requiring that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities, which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
(3) Control the alteration of the floodplain natural channels and natural protective barriers which help accommodate or channel flood waters;
(4) Control filling, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase flood damage and
(5) Prevent or regulate the construction of flood barriers which will divert shallow water natural or may increase flood risk elsewhere
VII CONCLUSION:
The flood control problem has gained national significance because the increasing frequency and intensity of floods in all major river valleys as a result of deforestation. Many aspects of flood control can be handled by individual states or groups of states acting on a regional basis Encourage flood mapping to develop effective programs to control floods Maintain and restore forest cover, improve the capacity of the land to absorb rainfall. Make sure that home buyers and real estate are fully informed of the dangers of flooding. Continue appropriate measures for soil conservation to complement existing systems. Improve and update measures existing flood control if necessary.

About the Author

BE civil,M.E civil, Water resources study area

Johnson County Guttering – Olathe, KS

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