May 14th, 2010 | 
Author:
SAILING THROUGH THE NATION shame todayâ € ™ S € ™ S FAME TOMORROW: SOCIAL STUDIES AS A PILOT, A love song to my husband and the New Nigeria, 17 SE
SAILING The nation through todayâ € ™ S € ™ S shame Tomorrow FAME:
SOCIAL STUDIES AS A PILOT
17 SERIES INAUGURAL CONFERENCE OF THE DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, Abraka, NIGERIA.
Taught by
Professor Osakwe Emman
B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia) MA (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
Professor of Social Sciences and Dean of the Graduate School,
Delta State University, Abraka.
On Thursday, February 26, 2009
 © Copyright 2009 Delta State University, Abraka
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a system recovery or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
ISBN 978 â € "33,872 â €" â € 7 "4
Published February 2009 by
DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY, Abraka,
DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.
Printed by
Justice and Jeco Press Ltd. Publishers,
Benin City, State Edo, Nigeria.
Prologue / Preface
This teacher is Professor processed + â € | Celebrity +, Nigeria will become
(A song for my husband and the New Nigeria)
And he said: â € œmarry me, May! € Â
â € ~ I can do such a thing: not marry € ™ â € ~ said May teacherâ
Slag Professions: Professor â € "disqualified
However, more telling, the voice pattern of the class! – Qualified
This teacher now processed, is a teacher, prophet and priest.
Palm oil, the broom and sponge, Banga soup â € "processed palm
Through fire, through water, the sharp blade the agents of deterioration â € "processed
As kero, diesel, gasoline, cream, gel, this balm â € "crude processed
Emman Osakwe, master processing, a voice is heard beyond
Beyond the rostrum to the nations.
Processed through the pain, deprivation, denial, then mocked,
Todayâ € ™ s Professor mounted the podium, here it comes:
My husband, my director, mon pà © re
Processed by the fire, through water, denied rightful
This teacher of primary teachers teachers
It is a teacher, teaching teachers teacher educators.
The rise to peak refused for ten years!
My fellow parents, persevering through the years!
Like diamonds processed carbon, my prince patient and the manufacturer peace
The head teacher charged with knowledge:
Intellectual and divine, has a message:
Nigeria is the processing of shame â € "
The shame of corruption, greed, like serious!
The shame of mismanagement and bad governance
Misrule, giving the height of opulence poverty giant
Shame monumental waste of resources
The shame of evil and wickedness religious
Processing shame on our reputation desired:
Our country famous, yes our country;
Land of my birth, the land of my pain, the land of my shame
Land of his birth, the land of their pain, a land of shame
Depending too much time after independence, fragile and hawks
For this fragile marsh, about to fall, unable to fly,
This will become the great eagle in flight
Celebrities bird not to fly but to soar â € "
Land of my birth, the land of his birth, land of our birth
Land of my fame, your fame land, land of our reputation â € "
Nigeria is your name!
Mabel Osakwe Ejima (2009)
President, English Language
Delta State University, Abraka
COURTESIES
The Vice-Chancellor,
The Vice Chancellor (Admin.)
The Vice-Chancellor (Academic)
The provosts, Asaba and Oleh Campus,
The Acting Secretary,
The Bursar,
The librarian of the University
The Dean of the Faculty of Science Health
Dean of the Faculty of Education,
Deans of Faculties Others
Teachers and other members of the Senate
Heads of Department and other academic colleagues,
Members of the administrative and technical staff,
Lords Spiritual and temporal
Members of my family, nuclear and extended,
My in-laws,
Distinguished Guests,
Lords of the Press
Great DELSUITES,
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Preamble
I feel very honored and privileged to be called to issue 17 Inaugural Lecture of the Delta State University, Abraka. I thank God for giving mercy trip to this meeting and I think it will take us all home safe in the name of Jesus â € "Amen."
Have you bought and read todayâ € ™ s papers? How to listen mind many bloody stories? What is the latest on the militancy and criminality in the Niger Delta? What a pain! You can try taking your mind these issues depressive and feed your mind with the dream come true great and so Obama will. Yes, welcome to this forum! For this God who gives us the opportunity to reflect and discuss social issues similar to those raised in this welcome tip. I'm afraid that although they have a monopoly on the word in this debate is what is called a conference. But free your mind to travel along, as the pilots of Social Studies our navigation through todayâ € ™ s shame € ™ tomorrow s fame.
INTRODUCTION
The first thing to pay attention to the nature and purpose of Social Sciences and the way it serves as a vehicle to address the issues of our time. Briefly, Social Studies is about learning to live and participate in this world, at any given time and place, therefore we have the formula:
SSEA Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â PSPT
PA = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â People
SA Â Â Â Â = Â Â Â Â Â Company
PA = Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â location
ta          =  time
This conference as a keynote address on an aspect of my academic experience, and my contribution to social studies as a field of knowledge, is governed by the formula as shown SSE and the nature of Social Studies.
Here, then, P means the people of Nigeria; S means the Nigerian society, p, the geographical entity t in Nigeria Nigeria called yesterday today and tomorrow. At this conference, Nigeria yesterday involves pre-colonial Nigeria in the era before the Second Republic, while Nigeria today extends the second period of the Republic to date.
We recognize that this hearing is not only interdisciplinary € â € œgownâ but a heterogeneous œtownâ € â €. Then be sought to operate within this defined perimeter.
Science Social affects every facet of human existence: man himself as a product of nature and social man as a product of upbringing, from the social, political, economic and physical. Social studies therefore long been identified as a real instrument or reshapening towards society. (Lawton and Durfour 1973 Osakwe 1993) The nature, content and scope of social studies, makes it an instrument for the development of a virile social â € new "political order. This Professor mostly has professed in this area of social studies and has 20 publications related to the current discourse. Four of these are listed here:
Osakwe, EO (1992) â € œSocial studies and the military in Nigeria Nigerian politics € Journal of Social Studies Review vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 89-91
Osakwe, OE (1993a) Education for Citizenship: The Centre for Social Studies Review Nigerian Journal of Social Studies. Vol 2, No. 3, pp. 23-38.
Osakwe, EO (1994) Education for citizenship in a society multiethnic educational ideas. Study Education Vol. 2. No. 1. April. Pp 60-64.
Osakwe, EO (1994b) Pedagogical Strategies for Teaching Social Studies: Using Issues and non-Issues Nigeria Social Studies Journal Vol III, No. 1 and 2 pp. 49-55.
In Nigeria, Social Studies found practical expression in the school system after the 1969 National Curriculum Conference. The theme is intended for individuals for construction and therefore the nation-building (Osakwe 1993).  The potential of Social Sciences have not yet been fully exploited in our search for a suitable order and socio-economic policy.
Social Sciences deals with human relationships. The world is constantly undergoing change and social studies remains a veritable tool for examining these changes, whether positive or Social Studies negative. revolves around human beings (people) and everything that strikes them.
Areas of Emphasis in Science Social
The knowledge includes Social Studies related to important generalizations about human relationships, institutions and problems, along with actions to ensure that these generalizations are clearly understood (Osakwe Itedjere and 1993). Social Studies to examine issues and problems from a holistic point of view ⠀ "therefore, in solving a problem or a problem, social studies examines the relationship dimensions. historical, cultural, sociological, economic, physical and other vertical concentration difference, which is seen in most school subjects, social studies takes a spiral in the horizontal analysis of the same problems. Social Sciences, has great affinity with the social sciences, but should not be seen as an amalgam of the social sciences.
Studies Social Education is a way to give young people a sense of hope in the future and confidence in their ability to solve social and environmental problems of people, their community, state or nation.
On this occasion, the conference deals with one aspect of my discipline that is of public interest and academic € "Navigating the Nation Through todayâ € ™ s Shame € ™ s Tomorrow Fame: Social Science as a pilot.
Addressing the problems of yesterday, today and tomorrow automatically provides three segments of the speech: Nigeria Yesterday Today and Tomorrow Nigeria Nigeria.
NIGERIA â € "YESTERDAY
It is simplistic to address the problems of nation building in Nigeria today, without paying due attention to our past and the past world affecting our past and present.
Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Mr President, the education system we inherited from our colonial masters, but criticized for alienating us from our culture, produced disciplined individuals and peoples which are regarded as pillars of our democracy and national development. Our educational system of the past was very structured, organized and predictable. This was the era that education was fully the responsibility of government or educational institutions Agencies. Mission were adequately staffed, equipment and supervision was effective. The academic calendar was stable with little disruption. A new competitor in the system was able to predict when he / she is not a graduation graduate. candidate at the right time was not the fault of the school or institution, but the inability of students to work hard enough to graduate as planned by the establishment. The educational period under review was marked by students in primary and secondary schools to put on uniforms uniforms indeed. There was no provision for students to make their own seats or desks for guests, offering their own beds. The laboratories of secondary schools and tertiary education were comparable with the findings in other parts of the world.
Sound moral education was an integral part of education in pre 1970 to the late 80's Nigeria. Relationship between students and teachers, students and teachers and students and teachers from different levels of education was very largely neglect incidents professional. review were very rare and anyone caught in the integrity of the examinations was treated promptly With. incidents of students negotiating their degrees teachers / lecturers / teachers asking â € € œincentivesâ hardly existent. During the period under review, the academic conditions Nigeriaâ € ™ s first-generation universities is commendable and comparable to what obtained in the more advanced countries of Europe and America. This period was witnessed massive exchange of personnel from abroad universities. Our universities have real guidance and international reputation, with staff and students from different parts of world. Apart from the international vocation of our universities and scholars, university teachers were highly respected and were on the cusp of social classification. Okech (2008) rightly pointed out that the mention of the title â € € œProfessorâ attracted much attention. The office of the Vice-Chancellor was highly reverred. The Vice-Chancellor was more respected than any government appointee.
The majority of Nigerians who went for tertiary education enjoyed a form of financial support or other Government. Education was a worthwhile undertaking and was seen as the key that opened the door to success and fame.
The laziness, theft, prostitution, ostentatious living, greed, oppression, social and spatial inequality are considered very shameful in Nigeria yesteryears. was common practice for example, for the seller to leave the Journals of the Lodge Portera € ™ s confidence as students to release the money and pick up the papers. Similarly, the product of Cloth days were used for charity as expected. social services and there was frowned more sense of accountability between citizens and public office workers holders. reported in her job at the expected time and remained at work until closing. School doors and other institutions were closed at 8 am and remained so until closing. Absenteeism was an aberration and something seriously frowned at. There is freedom of political association, despite the political divisions along the three major ethnic groups, with the exception of the Middle Belt was identity. its own political system was possible for close relatives belonging to different political parties and yet continue to live in harmony.Â's example the Ikokus can attest to this fact â € "a father and son belonged to two parties in conflict.
Humans are usually political animals. the ability to organize people into political groups for any reason is a base instinct inherent in human beings. Nigerians are very eloquent political beings. It is the practice of traditional politics and the community that has always been with us. There has been a fusion of traditional and modern social life and the party politics. Since culture is not static, traditional practices is also adjusted to accommodate the new challenges and developments, including contacts between cultures, implications. its attendant social life of a people and its political culture, largely affects several parts of Nigeria is a political amalgam. This is living. indicative of the cultural plurality country. large extent, the North was more politically articulate and responsive. This probably explains the practice in our Northern brothers are always with their radios and listening to local and international news, which always informed. social life and not partisan politics is a function of Western education. Some southerners despite their level of education, remain politically naïve and can not read or understand the policy horizon. Nigeriaâ € ™ s economy during this period was very stable and depended on agriculture. This was the era of the pyramids of groundnuts. Nigeria was the worldâ € ™ s largest producer of peanuts, rubber, palm oil and almonds, soybeans, Benise and also a major producer of cotton, second largest producer of cocoa. was during this period, Malaysia came to Nigeria to get our oil and rubber plants to try in your country. outa We know that both countries are now producing oil palm and rubber.
Solid minerals such as coal, tin and columbite were extracted economic quantities and Nigeria was known as AA World major player in the production of these minerals. The dynamism of the economy was further boosted with the discovery of black gold (oil) in Nigeria. Gradually, the emphasis began to shift from agriculture to oil ⠀ | ⠀ | ⠀ |. the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. The Nigerian currency was strong and highly sought after during this period.
Exchange rate between 70 and 80
Nigeria                 British                          American    German   Â
N1a                    pd STGA                     U.S. Dollars                  3.64 DM
- £ 0.615Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â $ 1.51
The above figures show a vivid picture of the strength of Naira at this time.
Nigeria is well served by road, rail, sea air transport. During this period there were over 95,000 km of paved roads and over 3,200 km of a meter to measure railway. Nigeria had just two international airports in Lagos and Kano. Both the north and south of the country attracted a significant investment in infrastructure development, especially in rail and road access, as well as some degree of social services such as electricity, water supply, hospitals, schools and colleges. This period was characterized by the staff of the Public Works Department (PWD) to compensate for the pasture the sides of the road to ensure the long-distance and clear vision of drivers and other road users. Roads maintained regularly ⠀ "although then, the roads were narrow and winding at times, they are passable all year round.
Nigeria Airways was the pride of West Africa.With It rose above other airlines in the sub-region. Nigeria pilots were recognized for their courtesy, competence and confidence. His take-off and landing was remarkable and without Nigeria Airways flew shakes and constantly hiccups. Europe, Asia, USA and several routes in Africa without blemish. The DC 10s, Boeing 737, 707 and 747 were constant on international routes, while the aircraft is smaller local (internal) routes. Closer to home here, the waterway through Obiaruku Sapele Ethiopian river was navigable and building materials were transported through this channel.
Security of lives and properties was largely secured during this period. can travel through the night without fear robbers. night journey was preferred by a number of incidents of armed robbery Nigerians. was scarce and was easy to track criminals. was not fashionable to engage in crime because there was a widespread rejection of society or dislike for any individual was known to be a criminal or deviant social.
NIGERIA TODAY
Currently, Nigeria has been negotiated dignity values of diligence, patriotism, high ethical standards, its abundant natural resources of old habits for no glory, colloquially known as â € œNigerian € factor, the exercise of injustice, up values, endemic corruption and misrule gross. Today Nigeria is a fatally ill deliberately self-inflicted injury. Most of what is happening in Nigeria now amounts to national shame, the pain and misfortune. This shame is manifest in our â € € œNew politics is marked by violence leading to loss of lives and property, rigging and mass murder. Beneficiaries who do not deserve to rush to make efforts to convince and confuse the masses in support of the results of his political feats. Almost immediately, the approval ran all over the country, especially some Christian and Islamic clerics and other self-serving leaders who pontificate on the fallacy that governments and leadership are chosen and ordained by God and we must accept things as they are to save our nascent democracy. But peace without justice can not stand the test of time and is an invitation to anarchy.
Unlike what obtains in Western democracies and other policies stable electoral results declared less than 24 hours at the close of the polls in Nigeria, it could take three days to come in some ridiculous situations, such as local elections are still smaller geographic entities for the management, it still takes days before results are officially released. This leaves room for normal drag handling and panel-beating figures. Despite all these, the figures are released as ridiculous results. In some cases, more votes than the number voters. registered multiple voting is not uncommon. The court ruling in Edo State revealed that fictitious voters voted and some others voted several times including assumes voters across the Atlantic.
The basis for any stable and functional democratic state is the electoral process. This should be seen as an issue key in a country like ours. The electoral process is a political choice by the following populace. to market gossip and discussions of the passage, the vote is the only activity that demonstrates the extent of peopleâ € ™ s participation in free and politics. When voters vote by secret ballot, the direction and amount of individual € ™ s participation out boldly in its true form.
In a survey conducted by the professor in 1998, the degree of apathy expressed by young people was amazing.
possible percentage participation in national elections
S / NO
CATEGORY
NO RESPONSE OF STUDENTS IN EACH CATEGORY
TOTAL NO STUDENTS
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
1.
Indifferent or undecided
162
250
65%
2.
Yes or interested
63
250
25%
3.
No o not interested
25
250
10%
This was almost a decade before the 2007 elections monumental fraud without But the figure reveals high level of alienation and disenchantment with politics and the electoral process among youth people. In most cases, this alienation or apathy leads to high political level disinterest. effective citizen participation depends on a knowledge of how the system really works.
Citizens have not been systematically exposed to the methods of operations of our policy system. A good number of our young people have been wandering aimlessly in Nigerian politics arena. This has given rise to misinformation or the smothering of political instincts young people into national affairs.
Our electoral process and the attendant protest the results is unparalleled in the annals of elections in any part of globe. Many Nigerians are of the opinion that a single € ™ s vote does not count â € "that results predetermined. This has led to apathy and despair by a serious segment of the electorate (see Osakwe 1998 Ogini 2008). On June 12, 1993 elections, to be tried without case was overturned with ignomity to the chagrin of Nigerians. Since then, the situation has worsened. It is incomprehensible that now a lot of cynicism toward elections and the electoral process by several Nigerians.
Another concern in this discourse is that politics in Nigeria is no longer considered as a way for the service, but has become a means of rapid ascent to wealth and the public recognition. This has led to the emergence of political upstarts twisted minds on the expectation electorate. policy is characterized by extravagant life style of living, luxury cars, including armored vehicles, escorts with sirens and intimidation of opponents of the regime and those who refuse to recognize their position and wealth who find it difficult newfound manage. What we now witness a repetition of the Bible, Amman Amman saga. Mordecai, a political newcomer is paid a huge sum of money to ensure that all the Jewish race is eliminated only because Mordecai the Jew does not bow to him.
It is a sign of political immaturity I try to use to resolve political opportunism scores. is a show of shame and reflection of the struggle against a policy must be complex. a very exciting part of our national life, but is now a matter of life or death, sometimes send chills down the spine of the population. Therefore, the organization or holding of the elections in Nigeria is war and many lives have gone with the elections in Nigeria.
Political Assassinations
Between 1999 and 2009, 39 cases of policy â € "motivated murders were recorded in the country. The timing of these murders usually reveals that more often in the years before proper elections and election year. For example, there were 17 murder cases between 2002 and 2003, nine cases were recorded between 2005 and 2007 (another pre-election and the election period).
Murders Political â € "1999-2009 (- A graphical representation)
In the most recent elections in Nigeria, firearms were used. freely in the Jos crisis November / December 2008, more than 500 lives were lost in the chaos that dragged election. Several were hospitalized How wound. victims of bullets does this compare with what obtains in other parts of the world where respect for the results of the elections and the electoral process is carried out orderly manner?
A common feature of the political terrain in Nigeria is the issue of recycling of individuals and families ⠀ "giving the impression that there is an eternal mandate that these individuals and families should always there. How do you explain a situation in which some political actors Wise who were contemporaries of the last minute, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, are still hovering around the corridors of power. There are some individuals who have remained in political flirtations over 29 years of military ⠀ "rule in the era of democracy in Nigeria. What a pity that almost two years after the 2007 general elections, but there are still several-to-be-resolved legal cases.
It is a fact that since the controversial elections, Nigerians for various initiatives, have joined in the search for a reform process that the water tree in a transparent, free and fair elections to remove the rancor that greeted the results of the April 2007 polls, and literally created hatred and anarchy.
How long will Nigerians living with this level of rancor and uncertainty? When transparency of the elections are conducted so as to end the loser is still quick to concede defeat and congratulate the winner?  In the United States elections of November 4, 2008, the Republican presidential candidate John McCain graciously granted the victory to Democratic candidate for president, Barack Obama, in less than 24 hours after polls. The winner and loser in U.S. elections do not have to wait for the election chief to announce the result of the election result of the most famous alleged world. results as announced live on Cable News Network (CNN).
It is instructive note here that Nigeriaâ € ™ s national television, the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) had a live coverage of the U.S. election. Why was not possible to meet our national elections live. Some international observers were denied entry and reports by our authorities disapproved election, however, Nigerians went to Ghana to monitor the elections! Our electoral process is not transparent and acceptable. It remains to be done so at nationally and internationally.
CORRUPTION
Corruption is used here to catch a condition or state of falsehood, dishonesty, illegitimacy, illegality or injustice directed towards the acquisition of power, money or position for private gain and sectionals.
Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria and a culturally corrupt system society. generate a corrupt society and people naturally produce its kind, except that drastic surgery is a cultural re-orientation is a result of time: Recall the Social Sciences formula. Nigerian society provides a fertile ground for fraudulent practices, which would lead to the institutionalization of a corrupt society corruption. according to Lewis (2008) produced corrupt leaders and followers; copy or create corrupt leaders and corrupt institutions corrupt institutions to create a multiple of systems. corrupt This may explain why almost no institution or system is free of corruption in religious institutions are not exempt Nigeria. this. corruption is in fact the worst enemy Nigeriaâ € ™ s preventing citizens from enjoying the great natural resources. Corruption is detrimental to economic growth. Increases in income inequality and poverty by reducing economic growth. also promotes and maintains an unequal distribution of asset ownership and unequal access to education (Olajide, 2008).
Despite the establishment of bodies to combat corruption as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and other crimes related to the Commission (ICPC) corrupt practices have continued to manifest itself in various forms and shapes cleverly marked in Nigeria. This monster called corruption has remained the bane of the country € ™ s progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Recently, a interactive session with the House of Representatives Committee on Drugs and Narcotics and Financial Crimes, the Executive Director of the Economic and Crimes Commission Financial (EFCC), alleged that some Nigerians have cashed in on falling world prices and had been crossing the world day and night to acquire property with the stolen money to the perpetrators of this crime country. know how to defeat all the mechanisms in place to verify their nefarious activities. our image has been seriously undermined by corrupt activities Nigerians. Corruption among Nigerians is also evident in Internet fraud and the marked progress of Free forgery ( known as 419).  A number of innocent Nigerians and foreigners have been victims of Internet and the advance rate fraud. A number of young people now live big and fat with the proceeds of corruption and fraud.
Nigeriaâ € ™ s image has been severely dented in the whole world as a result of fraudulent practices of some of our citizens. Several Nigerians are languishing in prisons in several countries â € "Some of those who were not so Fortunately, they were executed by the authorities of those countries where they committed the atrocities. The war against corruption seems to have been approached for € Obasanjoâ Yar regime. Arduaâ ™ s € ™ s the administration promised that there would be no sacred cows in his administration fight. € ™ s fight against But corruption, the war against corruption was the subject of skepticism and cynicism serious after redistribution of the former President of the agency in the fight against corruption and its many tribulations since then, culminating with his dismissal. is a very sad commentary and sends a very bad Nigerians and the international community.
The pace of the crusade against corruption will stop and some observers are really worried, because the suffering of the masses, they feel have been caused by a few individuals who have diverted money intended for the welfare of the masses for personal gain. One of the apparent reasons for corruption is continued to invade the length and breadth of Nigeria may be that the three levels of government pay lip service to its eradication.
Corruption has hurt the community policy and the generality of our people is immeasurable and incalculable. unrest permeates all strata of society, including public institutions. According this opinion on November 5, 2008, nothing works well in Nigeria because corruption. Several roads are in a deplorable state, even when a Attempts are made in the rehabilitation of roads, corruption is not possible a thorough job and durable.
Education and corruption
Sexual harassment has become so pervasive in Nigeria is a tertiary education. very worrying state of affairs. The issue of sexual harassment in higher institutions has attracted the attention of a number of academics â € "(Osakwe 2008, Igborgbor 2008, Okech, 2008).  Sexual harassment is a manifestation of power relations and the majority of girls and women are times when receiving end. sexual harassment is not limited to any age level â € "some elderly scholars have been known to participate in this abominable game. Some scholars have lost their jobs from this misdemeanor. Some have continued to exploit and pollute public girls and flaunt their sexual escapades. Some girls and married women have been traumatized, particularly in a bid to acquire a university degree or other tertiary diploma Closely related institutions. the issue of sexual harassment is corruption in our educational system from primary to university students and students level. are forced to pay a levy regulator or the firm other. referees report, the office, the way of course, a data card € "all illegal attracting some charges. ago time in the history of Nigeria,
Teachers at all levels of education earned great respect for the members of public. Seen as honest advice, disciplined and, morally, it was then fashionable in search of a teacher when a public office that calls for a person of great integrity became vacant. They had the aura of the Saints and their fans always proved right every time they had the opportunity to contribute their experience and knowledge to public affairs. However, this hallowed academic integrity of the class seems to have taken his license as the country continues to stink of corruption (Aghedo 2008).
In the last couple of years, three teachers paid the price for the sexual exploitation of girls and had to be miserable recibimento There are still many more waiting be disgraced. academic corruption has acquired different dimensions ranging from plagiarism, victimization, muzzling academic freedom, erosion of mentoring in the production of foot soldiers / â € Academic hostage taking € â € "with which young scholars under a senior colleague are forced to do their masters bidding. € ™ s academic freedom that once characterized the university system is rapidly eroding and giving way to the campus dangerous policy, lobbies and other interest groups â € "whose interests are some other things, except academics.
Examination malpractice has become a serious problem besetting education in Nigeria. The phenomenon has become monstrous and have only very brave and ruthless measures to clean out. The unfortunate situation is that some people expected to address this issue are products of poor practice self-examination.
- bad practice of gender analysis is not restricted, the children are firmly in the business.
Transport and corruption
Airports lack necessary facilities, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) can not locate air shipwreck sites. The latest challenge place until several months later by hunters. railway lines remain dysfunctional € "some rail lines are used by traders to display their wares.
Attitude to General Corruption
People do not express bitterness and shock every time I hear about billions of naira being stolen from public coffers, as it has become a daily occurrence. For example, it was reported that in a month, a governor in a state spent N1bn (Billions of naira) in its security ⠀ "a state where there was no war, or the breakdown of law and order.
The state of corruption in Nigeria today is a product of inconsistent and irregular war corruption â € "After having been fought to a standstill by General Murtala Mohammed in 1975 and 1976, monitoring and Buhari / Idiagbon and later by Nuhu Ribadu would have brought the monster to its knees. But the period between Muhammad Buhari brought General Babangida, who ruled between 1985 and 1993. Unlike Buhari regime that came hard on the looters of public funds a number of them were sentenced to various prison, Babangida returned the assets of individual staff and restored the ranks of the officers fired. Call it a reward of corruption! This story can be repeated once more if the plight of Nuhu Ribadu is allowed to continue. Call it punishment for the fight against corruption! The war against corruption is now asleep.
Corruption and the Sector Energy
Two thousand (2,000) megawatts of electricity generated in 2008 compared to 3000 generated in 2003.The These figures are ridiculous. South Africa with a population of 60 million, generating 45 000 megawatts and the South African government aims to increase its capacity to 60,000.  How can Nigeria still claim to be the giant of Africa? Our industries and small scale enterprises to provide their own electricity â € "how will break the face, even in Thea exorbitant cost of production mainly due to the lack of constant supply of public power. How can industrial dreams Nigeria is updated in the light of current energy challenges. Despite the President € ™ s plan to declare a state of emergency in the power sector things have not improved. small-scale enterprises, artisans and various self Nigerians have been forced to close their businesses due to the unavailability of energy.
Reported (Tell December 8 in a month (November 2008) the deteriorating situation forced the power supply Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to announce the loss of 800 MW generation capacity â € "in the same period of Sapele Power Station was shut down completely down, and the plant was operating in Lagos Egbin € â € Capacity reduced TEOAE. Exactly after 10 days, reported the additional loss PHCN 200 MW. All these factors have been responsible for energy rationing zonal rotation 12 per hour to maintain the stability of a distribution system and ensure Limited production generation operating plants. Under the rotation plan, PHCN divided the country into zones. Each zone receives electricity 12 hours, and even this is no guarantee that the light come. there areas or sections of the country where the outage is more regular than supply. Even public power â € € œpromisedâ additional 6,500 MW by 2009 is very far from our electricity demands provided for in Nigeria.
We also inform you (Tell December 2008) that each university spends more than N120 million a year in diesel. What colossal waste of money that would have crashed into other areas criticism from the University administration. Not many universities in Nigeria can even afford to spend that staggering sum of money to electricity. This of course does not include regular bills PHCN.
CORRUPTION AND steel industry
The iron and steel industry has swallowed billions of dollars since the 1980s ⠀ "but there is nothing to show for it. The Federal Government established the Ajaokuta and Delta steel plant, with three mills in the interior Rolling Oshogbo, Jos and Katsina. plants and steel mills have not been able to meet the aspirations Nigerians steel, mainly due to corruption and bottle beaurcactic necks. What we have now is more like museums steel instead of steel How plants. explains the astronomical cost of imported iron and steel products when they are supposed to producers of the product?  In some plants, components and parts parts are no longer produced anywhere in the world. computer's components are totally obsolete, leaving the engineers to cannibalize existing components to the extent that there is nothing to fall back.
The Minister of State who oversees the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, recently pleaded with Nigerians to be patience with the pace of development, stating that â € œtheirs not go slow GOVERNMENT €.  Unfortunately, Nigerians, but I can not believe this and past administration did not have a clear policy on how to reengineer the steel industry and the position that Nigeriaâ € ™ s industrial take off. How long Nigerians are waiting for the takeoff of an effective iron and steel?  Several Nigerians were sent to Europe, Russia and Japan to be trained for iron and steel industry. All these high-caliber human resources have been dismissed in the face of the privatization policy of the last administration. Some of the steel plants were awarded to political associates / business partners of the ruling government.
The iron and steel is the basis of any significant technological and industrial development of any nation. Nigeria can not afford to remain an eternal products. importer of steel in this sector must contribute significantly to the economic development of Nigeria. There appears to be a clear roadmap leading to Nigeria to become a major player in the development of steel in the African continent. How can the dream of making Nigeria one of the top 20 world economies in 2020 come true?  How can be achieved when primary steel mills have been privatized into the wrong hands? The control of the primary source of steel (liquid level) is the development control nation. industrial industry iron and steel, then is a critical area of economic development should not be left to investors either foreign or indigenous.
The railway line that links dedicated Delta Steel Company, Aladja, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and Nigerian Iron Ore Company Minera Itakpe have not yet been completed ⠀ "until this is done throughout the corporate value can never be realized. The proposed railway line, the Like several other government projects is more like an abandoned project that is already undergoing rapid depreciation. The Niger River has not yet been dredged and Escravos estuary has not yet been cleared. liquid steel can be produced in Ajaokuta without all these things being put in place.
EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLINGS
One issue that has troubled many Nigerians and sent shivers down the spines of citizenship has to do with extra-judicial murders. Several families have been traumatized from the loss of their loved ones in incidents bordering murder. extrajudicial The unfortunate aspect of this evolution is that the evidence is totally destroyed or victims are portrayed as criminals â € "the dead can not speak for himself or herself. Examples will reinforce the point here â € "Nearly two decades ago, a Nigerian Dele Udo star athlete was shot dead at a police checkpoint point. This also has been the fate of a number of innocent Nigerians in various points roadblocks throughout the country at one time or another. In 2002, some traders traveling along the â € Oken "Lokoja road were stopped by policemen who discovered that there was much money in them. The police tied to traders and packages on the bus and set it on fire while making away with their millions of naira. One of the traders miraculously survived and escaped and reported the incident. The officers were arrested late, tried and duly punished. A renowned journalist, Bayo Awosika died in circumstances surrounding extrajudicial killing. It said he died after his vehicle was hit by a police van and then a somersault several times before landing on another part of the road. In spite of the claim sommersault, there was no dent in the vehicle, the hand brake Bayo € ™ s car was still on, and there was a piece of wood fires parasu post mortem examination revealed that the girl died by a missile injury â € "ie, was beaten by a rapid movement of metal (bullet).  Could this was another case of extra judicial murder. The case of Mr. John Abah a Benue State is still very fresh. On November 14, 2008, the bullets fired by a team of police patrol brought him down, the young man had gone out that night to relax with friends when his life was cut short. The incident that led to his premature death is attributable to a split between the deceased and a police officer in a parlour. beer in 2006, police killed a young man in the same city â € "Oturkpo, during a protest by residents to a facility due to power outage PHCN.
On December 2 2008, the authorities of the Lagos State University, were forced to issue a press release into the shooting of his students. This resulted from the shooting at 25 November 2008, four University students who had gone to the Local Government identification. Derived from the rapid reaction of the authorities of the State University Lagos State Governor went on action. The errant policemen were arrested and subsequently dismissed. One student shot finally succumbed his wounds despite the combined efforts of the Lagos State Government and Lagos State University to save his life. The question is for how long Nigerians put up with this brutal and senseless murder of its citizens by the people who are expected to protect them?  The killing of a student in Athens, Greece early in December 2008 triggered protests by students and teachers for several days running. The killing of a Brazilian in the UK during a raid carried terror to the prosecution the police officer concerned. In December 2008 a woman was killed in Ogun State â € "was taken to an armed robber. The police made the effort spirit to explain away the fact that the woman was an armed robber. One youth was shot dead by a policeman outside a bank in Benin City for participating in a fight in front of the bank â € "this incident took place in January 2009. In the same month of January a young man was shot dead by police in Lagos in unexplained circumstances. Some commercial drivers have been victims of police shootings or forms or other ill-treatment by their refusal to part with their money illegally € € œusual tolla.
MILLENNIUM Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Following the Millennium Declaration that was adopted Millennium Summit held in New York, September 06 â € "August 2000, Nigeria was committed to realizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015. These objectives were measurable targets for making improvements in the lives of the worldâ € ™ s poorest citizens.
Objective I: Â Â Â Â Â Â Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Poverty continues to gaze of millions of Nigerians in the face. The degree of hunger is clearly reflected in the funeral, weddings and other social events where free food and drinks are served generously by a select few. At these meetings, more guests food. uninvited struggle for worse, are teenagers milling anxiously waiting for those with an adequate service to leave the remains for them to eat well or away. carry many of our young men have become scavengers in the midst of plenty is assumed.
According Bolatito (2008), poverty exists where people lack the means to meet their basic needs. These can be defined in a narrow sense as the needs necessary for survival, or in terms general requirements that reflect current standards of living in poverty community. describes a situation where peoples' resources (material, social and cultural) so limited as to exclude these people from the minimally acceptable life. poverty is multifaceted (Bolatito 2008), including poor access to services public utilities and infrastructure, unsanitary environment, illiteracy and ignorance, poor health, insecurity, lack of voice and social exclusion, including low levels family income and food insecurity.
Between the period between 1980 and 1996 the proportion of poor people increased from 28.1% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This, in terms of numbers translates into 17.7 million poor in 1980 and 67.1 million in 1996. It is estimated that by 2015, from 30.1 million and 40.4 million people would still be living in poverty in Nigeria.
According to the African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD 2005), Nigeria, with a per capita annual income of just $ 300, is one of the 20 poorest countries in the world. Nigeria is estimated to grow by about 3% and the national savings rate is 15%.  In the midst of other daunting challenges of the decay of infrastructure and corruption, how can Nigeria reach number one goal Goals?
Since independence, Nigeria has steadily fallen in the group of countries with low human development, characterized by a (HDI) coefficient less than 0.5 (on a scale of 0-1).  With a score of 0.470, Nigeria occupies a lower position 158th, where countries such as Eritrea and Senegal better. rate This is a great shame indeed. How can you say that Benin Republic and Rwanda are higher in the scale of Nigeria's GDP per capita.
Table 1: Nigeriaâ € ™ s human development index 2005
HND value
Hope of life at birth      (years)
Literacy rate
(Between 154% and more)
Joint primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratio    (%)
GDP per capita (PPP U.S. $)
1. Iceland (0.968)
1. Japan (82.3)
1. Georgia (100.0)
1. Australia (113.0)
1. Luxembourg (60 228)
156. Senegal (0499)
163.Botswana (48.1)
102.Algeria (69.9)
136.Nepal (58.2)
158.Rwanda (1206)
157.Eritrea (0483)
Dâ € 1653.Cote ™ Ivoire (47.4)
103.Tanzania (United
Republic of) (69.4)
137.Equatorial Guinea (58.1)
159.Benin (1141)
158.Nigeria (0470)
165.Nigeria (46.5)
104.Nigeria (69.1)
138.Nigeria (56.2)
160. Nigeria (1128)
159.Tanzania (United Republic of) (0467)
166.Malawi (46.3)
105. Guatemala (69.1)
139. Bangladesh (56.0)
161. Eritrea (1109)
160. Guinea (0456)
167.Guinea-Bissau (45.8)
Peopleâ € ™ 106.Lao s Democratic Republic (68.7)
140.Yemen (55.2)
162. Ethiopia (1055)
177.Sierra Leone (0.336)
177.Zambia (40.5)
139.Burkina Faso (23.6)
172.Niger (22.7)
174.Malawi (667)
Human Development Report Fact sheets 2007/2008 – Nigeria
Table 2: Selected indicators of human poverty for Nigeria
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 2004
Probability of not surviving past age 40 (5) 2004
Adult illiteracy rate (% ages 15 and older) 2004
People without access to a water source Improved (%) 2004
Children underweight for age (% ages 0-5) 2004
1.Chad (56.9)
1.Zimbabwe (57.4)
1.Burkina Faso (76.4)
1.Ethiopia (78)
1.Nepal (48)
27.Yemen (38.0)
12.Congo (Democratic Republic of the (41.1)
34.The peopleâ € ™ s Democratic Republic (31.3)
8.Congo (Republic Democratic (54)
22. Angola (31)
28. Burundi (37.6)
13.Guinea-Bissau (40.5)
35. Guatemala (30.9)
9. Fiji (53)
23.Maldives (30)
29. Nigeria (37.3)
14.Nigeria (39.0)
36.Nigeria (30.9)
10. Nigeria (52)
24.Nigeria (29)
30.Malawi (36.7)
15.Cote dâ € ™ Ivoire (38.6)
37.Tanzania (United Republic of) (30.6)
11.Madagascar (50)
25.Sri Lanka (29)
31.Rwanda (36.5)
16.Uganda (38.5)
38.Algeria (30.1)
12. Mali (50)
26. Philippines (28)
108. Barbados (3.0)
173.Iceland (1.4)
164.Estonia (0.2)
125.Hungary (1)
134.Chile (1)
Human Development Report 2007/2008 â € "Country Data Sheet – Nigeria
Tables 1 and 2 summarize the sordid state of affairs as it relates to the characterization of poverty in Nigeria at the World MGD1 level. How is achievable in the face of this staggering level of poverty in Nigeria?
GOAL 2: Â Â Â Â Achieve universal primary education
The National Education Policy (2004, revised) establishes that â € œthe government recognizes education as an instrument par excellence for making national development. The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) charged with the responsibility to ensure that Nigeria achieves the goal of universal primary education by the year 2015. How does this noble goal can be achieved in the face of the lack of cooperation from several states of the federation, in compliance with the requirements for access to state funding for the Universal Basic Education program? less than 50% of the states in the country have been able to meet the payment of its counterpart funding. Unless and until this is done, as states of default, and, by extension, the country can not meet the 2015 date for achieving universal primary Targeta education. What could be responsible for poor attitude State government compliance with its various part of the obligation in this regard?  Could it be that education is undervalued by democratic actors ongoing or that the conditions for accessing funds does not allow the usual huge financial leaks into the wrong hands?
Nigeria also supported the conference Jometien on Education for All (EFA) by 2000, which sets targets for early childhood and development, primary, secondary and young adults literacy. The trend in gross enrollment ratio (GER) indicates significant fluctuations in enrollment between 1991 and 2000. enrollment increased significantly between 1990 and 1994, rising from 68% to 86%.  Since then, enrollment dropped to 81% in 1995 and 70% in 1996. Hence, Nigeria has not achieved the goal Jometien EFA 2000.
Universal Basic Education (UBE) guideline states that each elementary and junior high school must have a science lab in general to deal with basic science and domestic science, good ventilation toilet for a maximum of 40 pupils or students per toilet, a master of manipulation to teach 40 students or so students. These conditions can be obtained in our schools is a utopia, and can not be achieved even in the year 2015. Few Schools have the appearance of a laboratory. The nearby bushes provide health services in some of our schools.
GOAL 3: Â Â Â Â Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
The objective of this goal is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education for 2005 and at all levels of education no later than 2015. indicators here are:
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ratio of literate females to males 15-24 years of age.
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The proportion of women in wage employment in the nonfarm sector
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament.
Gender disparities are still strongly manifested in access to education primary, secondary and tertiary education leading to unequal access to employment (Millennium Development Goals Report 2004)
It is estimated that 50% of Nigeriaâ € ™ s population consists of women and girls, however, the gender disparity in access to primary education, secondary and tertiary education goes back to the pre-colonial and has its roots in African traditional culture. Is the goal of gender equality and empowerment of women reached by 2015. The answer is obviously, negative. society must be prepared to deal with gender stereotypes and acceptance that the female gender can aspire to the highest height to which the company allow. secular notion of women as just being there to make children or to meet the demands of the people pleasure men jettisoned. be women excel in any chosen career entering, but they are very good and better stewards of the house and should not be discriminated society. gender in the workplace, whether public or private.
GOAL 4 â € "Reduce child mortality
Report National Millennium Development Goals (2004) noted that there has been little progress in reducing child mortality. Estimates of the 2003 National Demographic Survey and Health Survey was under five mortality rate of 217 per 1000 with large regional variations. Urban and rural areas had less than five years mortality rates of 243 per 1,000 and 153 per 1,000 respectively. The projection of the goal in question, there must be a reduction of two thirds (2 / 3) under five years by the year 2015. In other words, Nigeria should be able to reduce the morals of children under five to 49 per 1,000 by 2015. It is highly unlikely Nigeria will meet the 2015 target of reducing under-five mortality by two thirds (2 / 3).
The main obstacles to achieving Goal 4 of the MDGs are the poor access to health care (poverty), HIV / AIDS and poor maternal health health. Good service costs money and this is not the reach of the poor that unfortunately are most population. Nigeriaâ € ™ s corruption and greed has not yet permitted to services free health care to the poor. Unfortunately, those in government who should ensure medical services of high class in our public health institutions have failed its responsibilities. is these very people who can afford to travel abroad with the least complaints.
Availability of facilities Health, 1996 â € "2000
(Pera € ™ 000)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Number of Physicians
0.212
0.207
0.201
0223
0.22
Number of hospital beds
0.677
0.643
0.613
0.575
0.639
The table shows the same poor state of health care facilities in Nigeria. What efforts are on the ground to ensure that the picture changes radically in the direction positive by the year 2015?
GOAL 5: Â Â Â Â Improve maternal health
The objective of this goal is to reduce maternal mortality by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Although it has been slight decrease in maternal mortality since 1990, the level remains high, approximately 1,000 per 100,000 live births from late 1990 to 2001. The national maternal mortality rate was 704 per 100,000 live births, with considerable regional variation (MDG Report 2004)
Maternal deaths in Nigeria, as in most developing countries are often traceable to Women € ™ s impotence and their unequal access to employment, finance, education, basic health care, and other resources.
The challenges for achieving target 5 of the MDGs include teen pregnancy, cultural practices, lack of health personnel and other infrastructure, especially in rural areas areas. Nigeria accounts for 10% of those deaths (UCAID 2008).
52 000 Nigerian women die each year from maternal complications. related Lanre-Abass (2008) stated that most of births in Nigeria (66%) occur at home. A smaller percentage of women receive postnatal care, which is crucial for monitoring the treatment and complications in the first two days after Nigeria delivery. health system has been plagued by problems of quality of service, including the hostile attitude of some health personnel (Doctors and nurses), insufficient knowledge, decaying infrastructure, shortages of essential drugs and counterfeit medicines.
OBJECTIVE 6: Â Â Â Â HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases
It is estimated that 4.5 million Nigerian adults and children living with HIV / AIDS in 2008. The cumulative AIDS deaths through 2008 was about 4.2 million people. These are startling figures that should affect any group of people (Osakwe 2008).  The age groups most affected by the virus includes 20 ⠀ "29 years of age, while the regions with higher prevalence rates North Central, Northeast, and South-South zones. It is surprising that the University treated 10,800 people with HIV between January and October 2008.
Several factors contribute to the spread of HIV / AIDS in Nigeria, including sexual practices such as polygamy networks, a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections untreated sexually (STIs.), Low condom use, poverty, low literacy levels, poor health status, stigma and sexual irresponsibility habits. The prevalence of malaria in Nigeria remains high, and this is due to the abundance of blocked drains and dirt which helps in vectors. malaria is estimated that about a million deaths occur each year in Nigeria from malaria. The fact that we lack well-trained medical personnel to implement programs such as National AIDS remains a major challenge towards the realization of Goal 6 of the MDGs.
GOAL 7: Â Â Â Â Ensure environmental sustainability Environment
Nigeria is still grappling with the challenge of environmental sustainability. There are still major problems related to soil degradation, pollution, flooding, erosion, desertification, inefficient use of energy resources, loss of biodiversity, deforestation. environmental disasters, and yet there is little access to improved sanitation facilities in Nigeria, which can be attributed to poor implementation of health and housing and other related policies, high levels of poverty, low awareness of issues relating to environmental sustainability and general rural improvement. Why perennial gully erosion in the southeast, parts of Delta and Edo challenged attention â € "instead, farmland and buildings are cleaned every year, cutting off roads and separate communities, children and adults are drawn by explainable floods. How is it that in the 21st century, including on some campuses, students defecate anywhere and worse in some women's shelters! â € € whore œShort-has acquired a new meaning for this antisocial behavior. Students defecating in black polythene bags and throw it behind your room or leave them in the bathroom ends. Sometimes these human waste are carried in gutters and drains creating health risks. Excavations for building construction and sand can not be as obvious as an environmental risk in the short position, but without resorting to the excavation of the environment impact leaves much pain and anguish for the people. Some Nigerian daily contribute to environmental degradation and threatens the lives and property by his carelessness and the environment € "hostile activities.
GOAL 8: Develop a global partnership development
Nigeria has continued to play a prominent role in regional cooperative
About the Author
Professor Emman Osakwe
B.Sc. (Nig), M.Ed. (Philadelphia), M.A. (London) Ph.D (Ibadan)
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